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DNA testing is now the standard means of determining biological relationships between individuals.  The test that is currently most in demand is the paternity DNA test.   This test is used to establish whether an alleged father is in fact, the father or not.  However, DNA testing is a vast field and includes several tests other than the paternity DNA test.

Most DNA paternity testing companies will test a total of sixteen genetic markers taken from the father, child and sometimes the mother.  Out of these genetic markers, one marker is the amelogenin sex gene and is used to establish gender.  This means that fifteen makers are left and paternity is based on analysis and comparison of the fifteen markers.  Testing this sex gene is important and ensures that the correct samples have been processed; it is the determining gene when laboratories come to analyze gender.

Testing this gene is important for a number of reasons.  Sometimes the swabs used to take the DNA samples may be inadvertently or deliberately swapped thus, samples analyzed would provide inaccurate results if the amelogenin gene were not tested.  Moreover, within the field of forensic testing, any DNA samples collected at a crime scene are tested for the amelogenin gene to find out if the DNA in question belongs to a male or a female.  Similarly, in cases of DNA testing for infidelity, the samples of DNA provided need to be also tested for this sex gene; this will determine whether the DNA found belongs to a male or a female.

After laboratory analysis, there have been cases in which male DNA samples have been classified as belonging to a female; however, these cases are extremely rare, occurring in only 0.01% of male DNA samples analyzed.  When it comes to females, the percentage is even lower.  Thus, testing the amelogenin gene in paternity DNA tests and other genetic tests is still an important and reliable part of the whole DNA testing procedure

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